A Trip to the Grocery Store

As far back as I can remember, one of the activities that my mother and I enjoyed doing a lot together was going to the grocery on a weekly basis to stock up on our food and household supplies.I remember that my mother had certain brands in particular that she preferred over others. I really did not pay so much attention as to why she chose certain brands. All I knew back then was that the stuff she got turned into food for me to enjoy eating. That was the part of my childhood when I could roam about the grocery store, take one bag of potato chips, or a can of soda to enjoy during the drive home.But as I got older, my mother began to teach me how to buy things at the grocery store. She told me that â€Å"You need to learn how to buy these things because you are old enough to go to the grocery store for me already if I need you to.†To which I often replied, â€Å"But Mom! Only the names change. Bath soaps are all the same!† Then she would try to convince me that eventual ly I would setting up my own home and I would need to be making these decisions for myself so I needed to learn the rudiments now.While she could still guide and advise me about it. Needless to say, no amount of explanations from my mother could convince me that I needed to be a discriminating buyer. At that age, I did not feel any need to learn about comparing products, getting the best buy, and spending within a food budget. Our cycle was really simple, I went with mom to the grocery store, I got the foodstuff that I liked or looked good and she took care of the rest.As I began my high school education, mom started to give me a bit more responsibility when it came to purchasing items at the grocery store. She always kept it simple for me because she knew how I would just grab the first item on the shelf that related to the item she had listed down.So mom always listed down the item and the specific brand name she wanted me to get. Each time she handed me the list she would tell me â€Å"Do me a favor and read the label of the other brands available. There might be a better product out there.†Being a teenager at the time, all I had in mind was to get the errand done and go on with whatever other activities I had in mind for myself. So I never really bothered to read about the other similar items in those aisles. Little did I realize that the time would come when I would need to know about all those items in the aisles and how they compared to each other in price, quantity, and quality. I kind of took it for granted that whatever mom had listed down was the one I should purchase.Then came time for me to spread my wings and move out of the house into an apartment of my own and keeping house for myself for the very first time. I would have to keep to a budget and decide upon grocery purchases by myself and for myself. Since I had no previous experience with going to a grocery store and buying my own stuff, I suddenly felt overwhelmed and scared.The grocer y store looked like a huge hangar to me and I was lost in a sea of products that all looked the same to me. But in the back of my mind I could still hear my mom telling me to â€Å"Read the labels and choose the best product for my money.â€Å"I was not confident I could do that without the security of my mom’s grocery list with me that contained a list of all the necessary items and brands. I was worried by tried to convince myself in whispers that   â€Å"I can do this. How hard can it be to buy my food and supplies?†I felt a cold sweat come over me as I wheeled my cart into the main shopping area. 6 different types of   fresh milk each carton looking better and saying something newer than the next. Rows upon rows of vegetables, the limitless canned foods, soap brands, fabric softeners†¦ how could anybody make that choice immediately?I decided that I needed back up and whipped out my cellular phone. I dialed a number and waited for the familiar voice over the answering machine to pick up. â€Å"Mom! Pick up the phone!† I hollered after the beep.â€Å"I need your help!† It seemed like an eternity for my mom to pick up the phone. â€Å"What’s the matter?† her worried voice said. I told her my problem. I was stuck in the grocery store without her list and without a clue as to which items to buy. Could she please tell me what to get? I heard my mom sigh deeply before saying â€Å"You are on your own now. It is time for you to make your own choices in life. You don’t need my list. You just need to find out what things you like.â€Å" I tried to explain to her that I was not sure what things I liked because she always had that list for me to refer to. I really needed it at that moment. â€Å"Trust yourself.† she told me. â€Å"You will know which products you will be using regularly. It just takes a bit of time to develop the skill. Go with your instincts† As we ended the conversation, I w as not sure if I could trust myself to make that choice. After all, I considered pizza with a liter of soda a healthy meal.It took me 4 hours to shop for groceries that day. Without my moms list, I was forced to do what I never had to do before, compare products, learn to choose the best brand, and be comfortable for any mistakes in choices that I may have made.But I realized that as I took the time to read the product labels and ponder upon my choices, I began feeling a sense of freedom and responsibility for myself. That phone call and trip to the grocery store made me realize that if I were to call myself an adult, I would now have to take charge of my life, make my own decisions, and learn to make wise choices. Nobody would be there to decide for me anymore.Guess what? I have slowly evolved from that unsure person terrified of all the product choices out there who tried to get her mother to make a grocery list for her into a wise, budget conscious shopper, and it makes me feel g reat!

History of Psychology and concepts of human nature Essay

Since the beginning of the human civilization, there have been continuous efforts to explore the various complexities confounded in the human nature by our various philosophers. They have tried to bring out the various notions like fusion, interactions, integration or systems in relation to their environment and society. The study of the human nature began with various theories formulated by our classical economists like Sophists, and their contemporaries Socrates and Plato and then Aristotle. But before that, Thabes of Miletus of Greek (600 BC) studied the nature of Universe to predict solar eclipse. It is ardently clear that before the philosophical disposition towards the study of human beings started, philosophers were more delving into the mysteries of nature. Sophists were the first to fully formulate the study of human nature. Between 430 to 420, Antiphone in his essay â€Å"On Truth†, said that all men belong to human race, they are all fixed and in nature, they are all same whether they are non Hellenes or Hellenes. Other Sophists too described human nature as a â€Å"static essence†. (Reinhold 2002) They developed their concept while explaining their self -interestedness as the main essence of their human nature. Hippias too stated that, â€Å"it is human nature for the stronger to rule the weaker and to lead, and for the weaker to submit and follow†. (Reinhold 2002) Plato disagreed with this and stated that this law did not take into consideration the law for creation of humans, which they called nomos. He also always criticized relativism of knowledge and skepticism of Sophists. For Sophists, nothing existed and if there was something then, it was impossible for us to know it and if we knew it, we could not explain it. Plato explaining Sophists believed that â€Å"Man is the measure of all things, of those that are in so far as they are, and those that are not in so far as they are†. (Dillon 2003) He also did not agree on their conception of self-interestedness. He said that by understanding the man as self interested, Sophists had undermined morality, which is as much part of the human endeavors. All knowledge is based on contingent facts based on specific situation. Plato saw man’s nature as rational and civilized society must follow rational principles. Plato and Socrates both said that irrational desire should not over power reason. Following on the steps of Plato and Socrates, Aristotle too believed human as possession of two souls: the philosophical/ theoretical and the rational. Aristotle further stated that human nature could be divided into two parts: firstly â€Å"drives† and secondly â€Å"capacities†. (Leahy 2000) Human Nature cannot be defined as a nature of one person but for all human races on this Earth. There are some elements in human behavior which are common to all human beings, and by closely observing the actions of the people, one can see the reflection of this combined element of human behavior. Many philosophers consider this human nature as consisting of element which they called ‘power’ and it is this power that makes the humans behave in a way they ought to behave. For e. g. All human beings eat and it is hunger that induces humans to eat therefore hunger is a power and is common behavior in all human beings. There are two types of Powers- basic and secondary, for instance aggressive power is a basic power in humans, which might lead to aggressive conduct in normal situations. All living things Aristotle said are imbibed with inbuilt potentialities and it is natural among human beings to develop that potentialities to the full and from here arises the another question: what, however, is the potentiality of human beings? And the obvious answer to this question is the capacity to reason and to always strive to develop their power of reason is the ultimate aim of humans. The ability to reason is the best capacity and the power given to humans by nature and they should use it to the full capacity to make their life better. This power of reasoning enables humans to grasp their world around and this reasoning power starts with the children at young age. From the young age, they see in their behavior both the stability and change. Stability in the sense that they adopt themselves according to their environment yet see themselves modifying the environment and their behavior on the basis of their reasoning power which allows them to grow morally and physically. As compared to it, Jean Piaget of Switzerland born in 1896 studied the cognitive development of children in his what is known as Piaget’s theory to come up with the conclusion that children are not less intelligent than elders are. Children establish around themselves cognitive structures like mental maps, schemes, or networked concepts to better understand and reciprocate to his physical surroundings. With their most established inherent abilities, they try to modify themselves with their environment. But centuries later Freud contradicted this theory into notion that development takes place in the individual in the same way as in the other species like psychosexual changes in biological terms. Thomas Hobbes had been adequately presumed as most intricate materialistic philosopher who disbelieved in the concept that children are adoptable naturally to their surroundings. He believed that human beings are not free and they have to follow the pattern of this materialistic world of today. In Levathian in 1651, he said that, â€Å"Man is not naturally good but naturally a selfish hedonist —of the voluntary acts of every man, the object is some good to himself. † (Fonseca Online) All human beings are inherently selfish. Rene Descartes was a French philosopher and a mathematician (1596 to 1650) who delivered his voice on human nature when Renaissance was at its peak. He was the father of modern philosophy and believed that the essence of human nature lies in thought process and all things that we see or perceive are ultimately true. He had an ardent belief that it is the human reason or the power of reasoning that induces humans to entertain the certain knowledge and truth. Thomas Hobbes discovered the human nature more from his philosophical eyes and through his study on child development whereas Rene Descartes adopted scientific approach. As compared to Thomas, Descartes believed that truth could only be discovered through the process called as radical skepticism and analytical reasoning. He further said that the â€Å"Essence of human nature lies in thought, and that all the things we conceive clearly and distinctly are true. † (Cottingham 1986) Centuries later Karl Marx conveyed the society having a concrete definite pattern with a social formation, but with an interdependent economic, political, legal and cultural levels with several parts of modes of production and it is the relationship between these different modes of production that runs the society. Both Thomas and Karl Marx believed the nature and human behavior surrounding the concept of materialist wealth. During the Renaissance period, the scientific and technological developments lured the intricate selfish nature of human beings with the abundance of materialistic wealth at their disposal. Human behavior is not fixed but fluctuating and since centuries human beings have been cultivating their behavior according to the changes in the society and in the global world. Man is a social animal and it is ultimately the interaction between the man and his economical, social and political position on which his behavior depends. All the theories and studies on the human nature since the Greek time had been adopted and materialized looking at the adaptive nature of man to its surroundings and in the society in which he or she is living. Whether it is Sophists visualization of man as static personalities or Plato’s concept of man as rational or civilized or Aristotle’s man with great inherent capabilities, or Thomas Hobbes’s conception of man as selfish hedonistic or Descartes rational man and Karl Marx’s man as inherently and inborn social animal interdependent on society, all philosophers were the mouth pieces of their contemporary societies. And the study of the human nature has always been the study of society at large in context to the study of their relationships with their surroundings.

Best Dining Experience Essay Example for Free

Best Dining Experience Essay My favorite food is Mexican. Being from Arizona, Mexican restaurants are not as good here in Iowa. Although my favorite Mexican food to eat here is from my grandmother’s kitchen; there are a few restaurants my friends and I enjoy eating at. A few of my girlfriends and I have made Margarita Wednesdays a tradition in the summer time at La Casa. My brother, sister and I go to Los Cabos at least once a month in West Des Moines, which is an amazing delicious Mexican restaurant. I also like Monterrey in Altoona because it’s so close to my house, but no restaurant can compare to Tiki Tok in Mexico. My best friend and I were feeling spontaneous so we took a week off work and went on a cruise. We both found it difficult to eat on the ship because we were continually getting sea sick. I’ll never forget the fishy, chewy, and crunchy taste of the little shrimp and cocktail sauce going down my throat, or the unpleasant feeling I had when it was coming up. The only bad memory of my trip was praying that my legs would stop shaking and that my journey would hopefully reach an end so I could stand on solid ground. Other than being sea sick for the first day; I had a blast on the cruise! I got the opportunity to see many things and visit quite a few places. One of the ports of call was Cozumel, Mexico, and my friend Alexandra and I decided we wanted to try some real Mexican food. Of course, we were a little concerned about getting sick, but I’m glad to say that didn’t happen. We asked on the ship where the best place for Mexican food was, but they said that anywhere along the main shopping strip would be good. We then found a place called the Tiki Tok. The place was on the second level of a building. We sat out on the little balcony that they had. They had covered it with sand. The view from the restaurant was amazing. I was hypnotized by the vibrant colors and the employees’ of the restaurants equally vibrant lifestyles. I remember feeling jealous of the workers because they would get to go back to Tiki Tok tomorrow and the day after that, but I wouldn’t. The walls were an explosion of colorful textiles and every color of paint one could think of that was as bold as can be. Vases were on every table with burnt orange and deep yellow dried peppers inside. The chairs at the dining tables were made of a Mexican Serape material. The colors, the fringe, and the feel of it gave the restaurant even a stronger Mexican energy. My favorite part of the restaurants decor was the little cactus lights that strung amongst all the walls connecting each bulb to the wrought iron chandelier in the middle of the room. When one first enters the restaurant the Mariachi band is one of the most noticeable features. Three men were dressed in black with button up shirts and decorative sombreros all standing in the corner of the room. Two men had violins and the third was handling a guitar. As we took our seats the band started playing lively music and a few older couples got up and danced fearlessly. Everything in the restaurant was bold excluding my bashful personality; otherwise I would have danced too. I was in a trance watching the people dance with one another until the Mariachi band shouted in sync, â€Å"AY! † causing me to be brought back to the present. It was then that I had realized how hungry I was. The menu prices were in pesos, so it looked like everything was really expensive, but it wasn’t. We ordered the hot and spicy red enchiladas which were about 60 pesos, and they also brought us chips and salsa. The chips were a little bit thicker than you would get here in the US, and there were three different types of salsas. There was a regular pico de gallo, then there was one made with tomatillos, and the last was a pineapple cilantro salsa that was actually really tasteful. Lexi and I have never had pineapple cilantro salsa before, so we weren’t sure whether it was going to be appetizing or not. After stuffing myself with chips our food finally arrived. It was just about the yummiest thing I’ve ever had. The red sauce for the enchiladas was a little bit different than what I’ve had here, but I can’t tell you how. It was more delicious over there though. There was chicken inside the enchiladas and a touch of sour cream on top. We took the extra salsa we hadn’t demolished with the chips and smothered our enchiladas with it. I ate every last bite of it and was so full afterwards! The amazing food I had in Mexico was the best Mexican food I have ever had. I remember the smell of the ocean and sweet salsa at the same time. The bright colored sombreros and the ocean front view was an amazing sight to see while enjoying the food as well. Anytime I think about Mexico I think about the short beach chairs, sand between my toes, all the smells of the restaurant, laughing with my best friend and delicious enchiladas. This will be a memory that would be difficult to forget because we took so many pictures of the restaurant and it was the best eating experience I’ve had yet. I’m really glad that my friend and I were able to have this dining experience together. Alexandra and I enjoyed it very much! Best Dining Experience. (2017, Mar 30).

Organizational Behavior and Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Behavior and Culture - Assignment Example ? astounding success was Sheets’ efforts to professionalize the business by, among other things, putting the movers in uniforms, having them carry business cards and training them in customer service. Setting up the training facility also gave both her employees and franchisees a chance to enrich their jobs through the acquisition of new skills and ways to conduct their businesses and these gave them ultimate competitive advantage. Having all done so, Sheets has fulfilled the esteem, belongingness, and even self-actualization needs of her staff and business partners which in turn motivated them to perform better either as individuals or as teams. Like Mary Ellen Sheets in Case 1, Klaus Kleinfeld of Siemens is motivated by the need to become a self-actualized individual. A global citizen, he embraces change and pulls his organization along with him. Through his unwavering commitment, Kleinfeld was able to show a conventional company and its employees what they can expect to gain from their added efforts and dynamic performance in the long run. The cross-functional teams he created likewise expanded business opportunities for Siemens with their concerted actions and cooperation which were unheard of in traditional business settings. Kleinfeld and his self-motivated teams are slowly but surely directing Siemens towards becoming globally competitive

Northeast Utilities to buy NSTAR for $4.17 bln Thesis Proposal

Northeast Utilities to buy NSTAR for $4.17 bln - Thesis Proposal Example Therefore, such deals were called to exchange 1.312 common shares in the Northeast Utilities in every NSTAR share. In the Northeast it is expected that the shareholders deal with adding the earnings to the first whole year towards the completion of the dividends as per share. This could have also raised about 20 percent of the closest deal. On the other hand, ahead of the finishing point, Northeast Utilities could work as the six regulated gas and electric utilities in Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Hampshire with nearly 3.5 million electric and gas customers. For other reasons, both companies had focused mainly on the transmission as well as proper distributions of power and gas to other regions such as the Northeast that own more than 1,000 megawatts of power generation. The NSTAR stockholders receiving 1.312 and the Northeast shares where they own each share, created a deal that was expected to close in 2011 and Northeast Utilities claims that there should be additional company earnings in year 1 just after closing. The combined efforts in the Northeast Utilities and NSTAR could have created a better relationship with the New England based companies. While ensuring that there are regional benefits in the locally controlled, the energy company during those years that came had a better investment. While calculating the results, find that we computed the most necessary variables, as other additional calculations require that there is a standardized performance that is obtained using the statistical analysis. The applied data describes the steps that also arise as the labels of the variables. Therefore, computing the additional statistics is the significant step that demonstrates example of the results. Some of the functions used to compute the additional statistics defines the new variables and the corresponding results in every statistical test. The target price for the returns reflects on the resulting combination between the

Political Science - What common features of small states Foreign Essay

Political Science - What common features of small states Foreign Policy distinguish it the most from Great powers Foreign Policy - Essay Example Foreign policy has deeper connotations with stated and un-stated objectives that a country to tries to fulfil through political, economic, military, and diplomatic means. Dean Rusk quoted by Seabury, interprets foreign policy as a â€Å"galaxy of complicated factors.† Hoffman quoted by Seabury too sees the current picture of international relations as â€Å"the crisis of complexity†. He feels that in the past century the sheer dimension of international equilibrium has multiplied. States have added significantly to these dimensions with different manifestations of foreign policy under varying set of conditions. Foreign policy is a dependant variable conditioned by internal power configurations of the state (Wagner). As such foreign policies of small Asian, African, and Latin American states have foreign policies have changed with changes in the domestic power structures. Smaller states are more vulnerable to domestic and international changes as they show greater tenden cy to change foreign policy. Scholars have studied the changes in foreign policies of nations and dichotomised the international behaviour of great and small nations. Reiter, for example, infers how a small and a great power learn from their experiences of war to chalk to out their foreign policies. East for example cites Roseau’s observation that the size of a nation plays a great role in creation of its foreign policy. Small states never have permanent and extended interests in international arena as big powers. Other than studying foreign policy on the basis of ‘greatness’ and ‘smallness’ foreign policies have been studied in contrast to authoritarian regimes, traditional or modern societies or in stages of economic development (Pfaltzgraff,1974).

The Nature of Theory Why we need to be able to think in theoretical Assignment

The Nature of Theory Why we need to be able to think in theoretical terms - Assignment Example Most of the time, people think within the box suggesting the idea that they tend to understand matters simply based upon the utilization of their sight and their hearing sense. It could be noticed though that simply thinking within this box limits the capability of people to see only what they can and not that of those that they could perceive. It has been mentioned through time by psychologists and philosophers that a person who is able to think outside the box and see the whole context as well as the elemental factors contributing to the occurrence of an event or the emergence of a particular matter, is someone who could possibly be able to give birth to the options of the different procedures of development that the whole population of the human society could actually be thankful for. The question is, how could theoretical thinking be handled well One is that of the application of strategic thinking. It is innate among humans to be fascinated by the different things that they particularly see around them. It could not be denied then that through the years, this particular fascination within the different elements that could be seen in the human environment actually developed into the many discoveries and inventions that humans produced. Through passing civilization of humans, it could be observed that the people were never contented with what they already have or what they have already accomplished. This is especially true in terms of science and technology as well as in arts and literature. It is indeed undeniable that people recreate the things that are already existent within their own society. The fact that they have already been able to see what they could do regarding a certain type of field, they intend to even do better the net time that they deal with the same invention. Yes, humans never get tired of reinventing everything there is in the environment. Why is this so Human intelligence has always been noted by philosophers as the primary factor that makes the human creation different from that of the other God-made creations. The humans' ability to innovate their own achievements to even better results for the present generation to see, has particularly noted them to be those who are capable of reinventing themselves to be able to evolve from generations to generations. It is through this that people become more aware of the world around them, they cared more than ever with the political agendas, the social issues as well as other informations that concern their interests. True, the changing situation in the society and the demand towards progress requires that human intelligence be perfected in a way that it particularly caters to the needs of the entire humanity. The human brain's ability to store and restructure informations that were accepted by it through the years of an individual's life is particularly a proof that the application of humans' intelligence could still be perfected as generations are still to come along. On Personal Evaluation of Learning Process As a person, having a consumer style knowledge individual has paid much benefit for the author of this paper. The willingness to comprehend with the informations that are being presented to me accordingly actually allows me to

Importance of skin moisturizers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Importance of skin moisturizers - Essay Example It includes assuring an optimal functioning of the vital organs to caring about the body parts that were conveniently ignored just a couple of decades ago. Human skin is one such body organ that has found a new found respect and focus in the last few decades and it goes without saying that skin moisturizers are one such health aid, which immensely add to the human sense of well being by assuring the much needed proper skin care. Perhaps most of the people don’t know that skin tends to be the largest human organ. In an average human adult, the skin comprises of a total area of about 1.5 to 2.0 square meters (Baumann 17). No other organ happens to be so large and extensive. Besides, skin performs many important functions in the human body. It is the body’s first line of defense against any damage caused by pathogens and the external environment. The nerve endings embedded in the skin are responsible for registering sensations of heat and touch. The blood vessels and sweat glands in the skin are responsible for heat regulation. Skin also helps store fats, water and aids the synthesis of vitamin D. It facilitates the excretion of body wastes like sweat and urea. It also helps in the absorption of many vital elements and health aids like ointments and medicines. It prevents the loss of vital nutrients from the body. Last but not the least; skin is an indispensible component of body aesthetics and c ommunication. Considering the multifarious relevance of skin in the human health, there is no denying the fact that skin care ought to command a pivotal place in human well being and health. Once it is agreed upon that skin care is important, one needs to delve upon as to what constitutes the salient features of skin care. Good nutrition is the first step in assuring a healthy and robust skin. Not to mention that high stress levels do negatively impact skin as other organs. So, adequate rest and relaxation are of

Compensation Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Compensation Practice - Assignment Example We probably heard a typical expression: give and take. We should dependably things to individuals in return for what you issue them. Remuneration alludes to this Exchange, however in fiscal terms. Remuneration from the executive a representative criticism for work. Its simply the money related quality that head honchos trade for their workers with the administrations that representatives gave. Human Resource Management characterizes pay in these words "worker remuneration alludes to all types of compensation to laborers and emerging from their job (Hill & Jones, 2007). In the recent years many organizations including Verizon Communications Inc. have been designing implementing effective reward system demand to clear fit between the compensation strategy and overall business planning. Compensation system can be considered as the collection of pay decision utilized by administration that may under specific conditions influences organizational operations related to payment of workers and compensation of their various activities is done. (Lebow, 2012). Lately, numerous associations including Verizon Communications Inc. have been designing implementing effective reward system demand to clear fit between the compensation strategy and overall business planning (Hill & Jones, 2007). The degree attaining success related to various pay choices is dependent on the contingencies facing the management of question. For the case of Verizon Communications Inc., they Compensation practices are a set of commitments to following better compensation practices to employees. Compensation strategies act as a booster to motivate various employees as they work to achieve the organization goals. This is to say, any organization including Verizon Communications Inc., that have a better compensation strategy have been able to keep their trusted

Enrons corporate ethics policies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enrons corporate ethics policies - Research Paper Example The ethical dilemma that faced Enron involved satisfying shareholders interests and the need to service all the corporate constituents. Satisfying shareholders would attract more investors and create a good public image for the company, but it would be difficult to meet fully the greedy needs of those who contribute to the company’s operations; hence, a point of equilibrium was desirable to balance the two parties’ requirements. The 64-page code of ethics for Enron was founded on respect, integrity, communication, and excellence. Critiques have described Enron as having the culture of arrogance (McLean & Elkind, 2003). This culture of arrogance lured people to believe that they had the potential for handling greater risks without encountering any danger of incurring losses. The culture of the company was characterized by laxity in promoting the values of respect and integrity. The undermining of these values is evidenced by the company’s emphasis on decentralization, employee performance appraisals, and the discriminatory compensation programs. The Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth were merged on 1985 to form Enron (Niskanen, 2005). During the early 1990s, Enron sold electricity at market prices, but soon after the United States approved the legislation to deregulate the sale of natural gas, the markets made it possible for companies such as Enron to sell energy at comparatively higher prices. The objective of Enron was to achieve further growth; the company, therefore, pursued a diversification strategy. This led to the company operating and operated a variety of businesses across the world, which allowed Enron for the proliferation of crony capitalism. The financial statements of Enron were characterized by complexity and confusing to both analysts and shareholders (Niskanen, 2005. Enron’s complex business model required the company to use accounting limitations in misrepresenting earnings and modifying the balance sheet to

Organization Design And Technology Of Sony Corporation Essay Example for Free

Organization Design And Technology Of Sony Corporation Essay Due to the fast-paced growth of Sony Corporation in the international market, it gave way for the misalignment of its market and internal expansion leading to the deterioration of its rate of technological development or the quality of its product lines, and the decline of the efficiency of its workforce as the number of responsibilities and tasks suddenly increased triggered by the market expansion of the said company. With the aid of ICT Supplier Self-Assessment Questionnaire and balance scorecard, Sony Corporation has been able to improve the quality of its product and workforce efficiency. By expanding the workforce of Sony, it can solve the deterioration of its rate of technological advancement and inefficiency on workforce on a long term basis. Between adding new position to the organization structure of Sony and hiring more workers to expand the workforce of the said company, adding new position to Sony Corporation is the one that fits to solve the above mentioned problems of Sony considering the cost of its implementation and effectiveness. Introduction With the growing competition in the international market, it is a must for Sony Corporation to secure competitive advantage in terms of internal stability and technological development. Most consumers nowadays provides more premium on the most advanced products in the market, and this is the primary reason why Sony Corporation allot significant amount of resources to research and development to maintain the pace of their technological development. Furthermore, Sony has designed its organization structure in such a way that it could easily respond to various new market challenges. But the forces of market competition and globalization blocks the technological advantages of Sony as well as destabilized the internal stability through attacking their organization design as various departments and key person of the said company shoulders broader responsibilities as the company continues to expand in the international market. Sony’s competitors, Panasonic, Toshiba, Apple, Microsoft, and Dell are just few of the many electronics companies also operating in the international market with fast-paced technological development (Isuppli. om 2006: 1). Due to this scenario, Sony’s products appears to be less technologically advanced compared to its competitors leading to a sudden down turn on their sales and profit internationally as their customers shift to their competitors (Eetimes. com 2008: 1). Furthermore, during the peak of Sony’s international operation, various departments and top level managers was bombarded with more tasks and responsibilities in order to support their market expansion which presently lead to the deterioration of their performances. Distribution of task and responsibilities is weak and most of the organization design of Sony is already obsolete considering the present condition of competition and globalization in the international market. In this regard, this paper aims to discuss how the forces of competition and globalization weaken the organization design and technological advantage of Sony as well as the potential alternatives that Sony must undertake in order to solve the said weaknesses. At the end of this paper, expect for a recommendation that would best solve the problems of Sony concerning its organization design and technology. Classification of Organization Structure Sony Corporation has been using divisional type of organizational design as illustrated by their organizational chart, see appendix (. During the early years of Sony’s operation in the market, the divisional type of organization design enables them to easily implement strategies and decisions to problems that need immediate solution. Since Sony was only on its development stage, they were able to fully utilize the optimal gains that can be derived from using divisional organization structure. The fast relay of information, decision making and implementation of strategies through the use of divisional organization design provided Sony with tremendous amount of gains in the international market as they start successfully penetrating their target market and out-performed their competitors in the market, making them one of the successful multinational companies around the globe (Goliath. ecnext. com 2007: 1). Furthermore, the divisional organization design enables Sony to specialize its â€Å"groups† since thereby improving the quality of their products in the market (Market Wire 2005: 1). Like for instance, the Sony Ericson Mobile Communications Group concentrate only to develop and produce mobile communication products in the market. The head of Ericson Mobile Communications Group is directly below the CEO of Sony, and so with their other groups (Sony. net 2008: 1). The direct relationship between the head of Sony’s groups and its CEO provides ease on decision making and distribution of information as well as strategies on brand development. But this organizational structure starts to provide instabilities to Sony Corporation as it continues to grow as electronics industry superpower in the international market. As the company grew in the international market, responsibilities of each head of various groups also increased up to the point wherein they start performing inefficiently as their time being spent on every vital aspect of their operation become lesser and lesser. In this regard, the present status of divisional organization design to Sony becomes ineffective and only provides instabilities as the executives of the company starts to perform inefficiently on their respective fields. But divisional organization design fits Sony than any other organization structure available in the business management realm. Since Sony have a diversity of products in the market, and each group specializes into the production of their own product lines, then, divisional structure already fits Sony. The only problem lies on the fact that every executive of Sony starts gaining more responsibilities in his/her assigned group. In other words, the international expansion of Sony in the recent years was not accompanied by expansion of internal responsibilities of various executives of the said company, thereby leading to a down turn on their overall performance. In order for Sony to restore the stability of its internal affairs, it does not have to change its organization design; rather, Sony management can make improvements on their divisional structure by adding new positions or by appointing executive assistants to key positions on various groups of the said company. This strategy will provide enough room for the key personnel of Sony to manage their responsibilities well and delegate those less priority tasks to their assistance or new positions in the group. In other words, this strategy will give way for the internal expansion of Sony while maintaining their original organization design that was already proven to be effective and fit to the business structure of Sony Corporation. Choosing organization structure other than divisional design would provide great risk since Sony operates on various groups with different product lines to produce into the market. Furthermore, each group has less influence on one another and almost operates independently from other group while their headquarters and CEO serves as the link between them. In this regard, it is vital for Sony Corporation to implement the said internal expansion of their groups in order for them to re-establish their competitive advantage in the international market in terms of internal stability and workforce efficiency especially during these times wherein the forces of tight market competition and globalization calls for the acquisition of more potential sources of competitive advantages to keep the pace of Sony’s growth internationally. Key Determinant and Influences on Organizational Structure One of the main strategies of Sony in expanding its share on the international market would be the diversification of its product line from electronics to B2B business solutions, which later on enables the company to tap various resources. Since each product line of Sony needs different production processes compared to others, Sony decided to use divisional organizational structure in order to easily manage the entire company without compromising the quality of their product lines. For instance, Sony Financial Holdings Group provides business solution services to the market and needs different operational processes compared to Sony Entertainment Business Group that provides television, digital cameras, and video cameras in the market. Each of these groups requires different set of operational style, set of skills and equipments, and set of strategies, thereby providing enough room to these groups to operate independently from one another would enhance their productivity and efficiency as they specialize into their production process. This is the main reason why Sony chose to use divisional organization design in order to provide enough room for each product line to be developed separately by workers specialized on producing it from other product line. In this regard, the strategy of Sony to diversify its product line gave way for the use of divisional organization structure. Furthermore, another factor that serves to be the key determinant of Sony Corporation’s organization structure would be its growth rate. Sony Corporation has roughly 4 percent sales growth rate internationally as of this month which is relatively higher compared to its rival companies like Panasonic with -2. 78 percent sales growth rate (Reuters. com 2008: 1). During the initial stage of Sony’s growth in the international market, as their product become more diverse leading to a fast-paced growth, Sony chose to use divisional organization structure to allow the company to cope up with the said growth rate since divisional organization structure provides enough room for Sony to further develop their diverse product line through specialization. At present, the root of organization stability of Sony roots on the fact that they were not able to accompanied their market growth and expansion with internal expansion causing for the divisional organization structure to work inefficiently. Once the internal growth rate of Sony already aligned itself to its market growth, then, that is the only time wherein Sony can fully utilize the potential gains of using divisional organization structure. In this regard, it is therefore vital for Sony to keep track its market growth and internal growth if whether these two still align each other since these affects the performance of their organization structure. The strategy and growth of Sony is interrelated to one another and this is the main reason why these two factors greatly affect its organization structure. The strategy of Sony to diversify its product line provided them with enough opportunity to increase their market share in the international market. The said product line expansion and increase of market share enable Sony to easily penetrate its target market and outperformed its competitors. Furthermore, as Sony continues to successfully penetrate its target market and outperformed its competitors, it starts to gain impressive growth in the market due to higher sales and profit. But the said market growth of Sony was not accompanied by internal expansion which presently leads to tremendous losses as key personnel of its groups starts performing inefficiently and ineffectiveness of their organization structure. Furthermore, as these key personnel of Sony perform inefficiently, the research and development of their products starts to drop, giving enough room for its competitors to step up in the electronics and business solutions industry and provide financial losses to the company (Forbes. com 2008: 1). Therefore, at this point in time, it is vital for Sony to address these instabilities on its workforce in order to restore their competitiveness in the international market with respect to their market strategies and technological advancement. Organizational Effectiveness One way in which Sony Corporation evaluates performance would be through the use of Information and Communications Technology Supplier Self-Assessment Questionnaire which aims to determine if whether their suppliers uphold the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct. Since suppliers have a direct impact on the overall performance of Sony in terms of product quality, along with other electronics companies around the globe such as HP, IBM, and Microsoft, Sony Corporation created the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct which encompasses the ICT Supplier Self-Assessment Questionnaire. Through the ICT Supplier Self-Assessment Questionnaire, Sony can monitor the product quality of their suppliers. By securing the performance of their suppliers, Sony Corporation has been able to maintain its integrity of producing high quality products in the market. There were cases wherein Sony Corporation was sued for releasing substandard products in the market. Like what happened recently when a couple sued Sony when the battery of a Sony laptop exploded causing injuries to the complainants. Due to this, Sony had to pull out all of the batteries that were being suspected as substandard and replaced with a new one in order to prevent having more accidents. In this regard, through the ICT Supplier Self Assessment Questionnaire, Sony Corporation can stop the above mentioned accident caused to substandard products that they release in the market which mostly came from their suppliers. Dell, the maker of the said substandard battery of Sony laptop, is now making collaboration with Sony in pulling out those substandard laptop batteries in the market. Another way by which Sony evaluates their performance is through the use of balance scorecard. Balance score card help every organization in the market to determine if whether their smaller scale operational activities are still aligned with their larger scale activities. As for the case of Sony Corporation, it uses balance scorecard in determining the alignment operational processes of its groups, e. g. Sony Ericson Mobile Communications, Game Business Group, Entertainment Business Group, and Sony Financial Holdings Group, to the vision and strategy of the entire organization. For instance, the balance scorecard is being used by Sony Corporation in determining if whether the processes used in producing Sony Ericsson in the market are still aligned with the Corporate Social Responsibility of the entire company. Through this, Sony Corporation can keep their various groups intact to the vision and strategies of their â€Å"parent† company – Sony Corporation. Just recently, Sony Ericsson phone was awarded as the most â€Å"Eco-Friendly† phone in the market and the said award is being attributed to the continues success of Sony Corporation to uphold its Corporate Social Responsibility on minimizing the wastes being emitted in producing the said product (Sayer 2008: 1). Considering the said success of Sony Ericsson phone in the market, there is a great possibility that it can earn positive balance scorecard by upholding the CSR of Sony Corporation, which can eventually serve as the basis for further development of Sony Ericsson phone in the market (Ericsson. co. jp 2005: 9). Therefore, balance scorecard provides enough room for Sony Corporation to determine the alignment of their product lines to their vision and strategy especially when it concerns the integrity of their brand name. At this point, the performance evaluation tools of Sony Corporation, ICT Supplier Self Assessment Questionnaire and Balance Scorecard, has been able to solve its problem regarding maintaining the quality of their products in the market by securing the compliance of their suppliers and aligning the production processes of their product lines into their Corporate Social Responsibilities. Therefore, ICT Supplier Self Assessment Questionnaire and Balance Scorecard fit to the vision and strategies of Sony Corporation based from their successful solution regarding the low quality level of Sony’s products in the market. This issue on quality level and on how the above identified evaluation tools of Sony Corporation solved it will be thoroughly discussed in the next part of the paper. Critical Analysis of Current Problems Actually, the main problem of Sony Corporation would be the misalignment of its market and internal expansion that eventually lead to various â€Å"branch-problems† like low performance rate from the workforce of the company as well as the deterioration of the quality level of their product lines in the market. The fast-paced growth of Sony in the past years, while leaving their internal condition to remain untouched, provided inefficiencies on the part of their workforce as the responsibility of one another can no longer be performed as efficient as before, and low product quality as the said inefficiencies on their workforce started to reflect on the quality level of their product lines. This is the main reason why Sony Corporation suffers from return on investment and profit on its operation as their customers shift to the side of their competitors since the latter already have relatively technologically advanced product lines in the market compared to Sony Corporation. In order to provide a long term solution to this problem of Sony Corporation, it is a must for the management of the said company to expand their workforce either by adding new positions to reinforce the key positions in the company or hire more workers to delegate the tasks optimally among their workforce. But at present, Sony Corporation is applying short term solutions to these problems through the use of evaluation tools as discussed on the previous part of this paper. First, the ICT Supplier Self Assessment Questionnaire provided solution on securing the quality of their supplier’s products which later on be used on the production process of Sony. With the ICT Supplier Self Assessment Questionnaire, Sony can monitor if whether the supplies of their suppliers are substandard or complies with the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct which sets up the standards for electronic products in the market (Greenwald 2005: 2). Sony Corporation can now minimize the incidence of product malfunction or substandard components of their product lines just like what happened to the batteries of Sony’s laptop that exploded due to overheating. ICT Supplier Self Assessment Questionnaire will improve the quality of Sony’s product line even up to a small degree since it only solves their problem on the side of their supplier and not the root of the problem which still lies on the internal stability of their workforce. With the rise of ICT Supplier Self Assessment Questionnaire and Electronic Industry Code of Conduct, cases of substandard electronic products in the market will be minimized leading for Sony to improve the quality level of its products (United Nations Environment Program 2005: 1). In this regard, through the use of ICT Supplier Self Assessment Questionnaire, Sony Corporation manages to improve the quality of their product lines even up to a small degree. On the other hand, the balance scorecard of Sony Corporation provides enough room for the said company to improve the quality of their workforce’s performance since the company can determine if whether a group or department already performs outside the boundaries of their vision and corporate strategies. There are times wherein the misalignment of Sony Corporation’s products to their vision and corporate strategies roots on the inefficient performance of workforce of a given department or group, and balance scorecard can determine if whether a given group of Sony Corporation performs inefficiently based from the evaluation of the products being produced by that given group. Through this, Sony Corporation can easily determine which group among its companies needs to undergo workforce expansion to solve the said inefficiency of their workers. In this regard, the balance scorecard provides two services to Sony Corporation, evaluation of their product’s performance in the market and its alignment to the vision and corporate strategies of the company, and on which group of the company needs workforce expansion in order to improve the quality of their product lines just like what happened to Sony Ericsson phone in the market (Esato. com 2007: 1). Solutions In order for Sony Corporation to have long term solution to their problem regarding the misalignment of their market and internal expansion as the consequence of their fast-paced growth, it is advisable for them to expand their workforce either by adding new positions into their organization structure to optimally delegate the tasks among the workers of the company; or, the management could hire more workers that will handle the additional responsibilities provided by the market expansion of the company. Furthermore, through adding new position to the organization structure to various business groups of Sony Corporation, e. g. executive assistants will give their key executives to delegate some of the less important tasks and responsibilities to their assistants so they can concentrate to more responsibilities. The divisional organization structure of Sony Corporation will still be used in the organization design of Sony under the said strategy considering that it is the only organization design that fits to the business nature of Sony Corporation as discussed on the previous part of this paper. On the other hand, with regards to hiring more workers that will be responsible on shouldering the additional tasks provided by the market expansion of Sony Corporation, this will provide Sony with enough room to improve the efficiency of their workforce as every person on their workforce can now perform their responsibilities to their optimal level since tasks are now well distributed on their workforce. At the end of the day, these strategies will improve the quality of Sony’s workforce and so with the quality of their products. The only problem with hiring of additional workers would be the fact that it is costly to hire more workers for the company considering that Sony is presently suffering from low profitability in the market compared to adding new position to the organization structure of Sony Corporation. Recommendation Both of the above mentioned strategies provides same improvement on lifting the efficiency of Sony Corporation’s workforce and boosting its product quality level, but in terms of costs on the part of the company, adding new positions to the organization structure of Sony is relatively cheaper than hiring more workers. In this regard, alongside with the performance evaluation tools of Sony Corporation, it is a must for their management to add new positions into the divisional organization structure of the company to provide long term solution on their low quality product in terms of technology and improving the efficiency of their workforce considering the extent of their market expansion in the global market. Conclusion With the misalignment of market and internal expansion of Sony Corporation due to its fast-paced growth in the international market, it provided various problems into the said company. Technological advancement of Sony’s products drops while the efficiency of its workforce decline due to the significant increase on tasks and responsibilities on the workplace caused by the fast-paced growth of Sony in the recent years. Through adding new positions on the organization structure of Sony, it can already improve the efficiency of its workforce and so with the rate of its product line’s technological advancement in the market.

The Centralia Mine Essay Example for Free

The Centralia Mine Essay The Centralia Mine opened in 1907 and remained free of fatal accidents for decades (Walker, 2006). By the 1940’s mine inspectors began reporting excessive coal dust in the mines and also provided recommendations. In March 25, 1947, the Centralia No. 5 coal mine exploded near the town of Centralia, Illinois, killing 111 people. The explosion was caused when an under burdened explosive detonation ignited coal dust. The explosion of this mine should not have been a surprise to anyone. Driscoll Scanlan, who was a state mine inspector, notified public sector safety professionals from state and federal agencies of the hazards as a result of inspections. There were also union complaints and letters to state officials. Various officials of mine safety agencies and the mine company were notified on more than one occasion. Scanlan as well as the mine’s union had also pushed to have the hazards corrected. The lack of the federal and state officials to take action, along with the ignition of built up coal dust, resulted in the death of 111 coal miners. Identify and explain four (4) logistical alternatives Scanlan could have addressed. In 1941, Illinois Governor Dwight Green appointed Driscoll Scanlan, as one of the states 16 mine inspectors. Scanlan was highly recommended by a state representative (Martin, 1948). He was appointed as the inspector of the district which included Centralia Mine No. 5. State inspectors jobs include making sure mine operators comply with the state mining law (Stillman, 2010). His first inspection of Centralia No. 5 was in 1942. In his first report, his recommendations included cleaning and sprinkling the haulage roads. Scanlan inspected the mine several times in the years before the explosion. At the end of each inspection he sent his report to the Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals. Several of his reports throughout 1942-1944 repeated his previous recommendations and added new one. In one of the latter ones, he recommended that the mine be rocked dusted (Stillman, 2010). In follow up to his reports, he should have inquired with the Director for the status of his recommendations. When he found that none of them were taken care of, he could have let the miners know what the issues were and helped fix the areas in which there were problems. Scanlan could have also worked with the union to push fixing the mine or shutting it down until repaired. When he made the threat to shut them down, the company started to fix some of the problems that were indicated in his reports. The changes that the company made to the mines were only temporary. His only other option would be to try to sprinkle the roads and help with the rock dusting. Analyze and discuss Scanlan’s motivation toward the Constitution (the law), bureaucracy (as a public administrator responsible to the public), and obligation. Scanlan carried out the duties of inspecting the mines. He reported his findings to the Department of Mines and Minerals and the State Mining Board (Stillman, 2010). Scanlan was truly an advocate for the miners. He, unlike some the other inspectors, did not get involved in the political aspects with the companies. Many of the inspectors would have drinks with the company officials and provide brief inspection reports. Scanlan was quite different. Scanlan talked to the miners and made sure that their complaints were included in his inspection reports (Stillman, 2010). The local union expressed their concerns to the State of Illinois in response to the findings of the special investigation commission (Stillman, 2010). They also followed up with a letter to Governor Green, thanking Scanlan for taking the issues to Prudent the Superintendent and local officials on their behalf (Stillman, 2010). Scanlan made 13 inspections and reports, each were reported to the Department of Mining and Minerals. Most of his reports were dismissed and responded to as not being as serious as it seems. Take a position on two (2) possible paths of action for Scanlan and defend your choices. Business and political gain played a critical role in the conditions that led to the accidents. Although Scanlan provided numerous reports, his superiors down played the seriousness of his recommendations. They seemed to be more concerned about keeping the officials happy. The lack of attention given to the seriousness of the inspection reports provided by Scanlan proved to be detrimental to the miners. His inspection reports were ignored by state mining officials and mine company supervisors. Scanlan’s first course of action should have been to shut down the mine. Being a state inspector, he had the authority to shut down a mine if there were violations that had been brought to the company’s attention, but not addressed in a reasonable amount of time. This action, in my opinion, would have been the best course of action. An alternative course of action would have been to go the officials that are higher than the state and federal officials that he was dealing with. He had performed enough inspections, over the course of 3 years, and found that if the mining conditions were not improved, that fatalities would eventually occur at this mine (Saleh, 2011). The state and federal officials were more concerned about continuing business. They did not take into consideration the seriousness of the inspection reports that Scanlan was continually providing them with. The lack of their follow through and the dismissing of his recommendations would have been taking more seriously by someone at a higher level. I feel that they would have stepped in and taken action that may have saved the lives of the miners. This disaster followed by another mining disaster in 1968 caused Congress to become more aggressive with mining companies by passing the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act in 1969 (Ward, 2007). Unfortunately it took another terrible mining incident to get them to notice how important it is for higher officials to make companies follow the recommendations of mining inspectors.

Professional And Scientific Roles Of The Biomedical Scientist Nursing Essay

Professional And Scientific Roles Of The Biomedical Scientist Nursing Essay Biomedical science is a fast paced and constantly developing field of biological analysis in the healthcare sector with long term career prospects, biomedical science involves carrying out investigations on samples of human tissue and body fluid in order to diagnose disease and correctly monitor the treatment of patients that have been affected by disease. With over 55,000 registered healthcare scientists in 51 different disciplines work in areas such as biomedical science makes up for 5% of the National Health Services workforce budget (Evered, 2010) Without biomedical scientists, operating theatres would simply be unable to function, it is biomedical scientists that provide the results of tests required for clinicians to accurately diagnose and treat such diseases as diabetes, cancer and aids (Institute of Biomedical science, 2010). It is essential that biomedical scientists have adequate communication skills that allow them to clearly communicate with colleagues. Biomedical scientists in the healthcare sector; particularly in disciplines such as diagnostic pathology, work closely with doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals for the purpose of maximum efficiency in such prioritised tasks as the diagnosing and treating of patients. In a diagnostic pathology laboratory a biomedical scientist will share information with pathologists (doctors that have specialised in the in depth workings of cells and human tissue), clinical scientists (scientists that support clinicians with laboratory workings), other biomedical scientists and medical laboratory assistants (assistants in the laboratory responsible for labelling samples and organisation of the laboratory). As a team the diagnostic pathology laboratory will be able to identify the exact cause of a problem in a particular patient and then discuss an appropriate route of treatment for that specific patient. In order to practice biomedical science within the healthcare sector in the United Kingdom a biomedical scientist must first become registered with the regulatory body of biomedical scientists (and the majority of other healthcare professions); known as the Health professions council. The Health Professions Council is the board responsible for ensuring that trainee biomedical scientists are fit and safe enough to gain professional registration, the Health Professions Council also ensure that current biomedical scientists remain fit enough to practice within the healthcare sector and keep up to date with their techniques and analysis procedures, this is done through a process of continual professional development and audit, which will be explained later on in this essay. Registration usually consists of completing an accredited (BSc) Biomedical science degree programme followed by a period (at least one year) of training in an institute approved laboratory, upon completion of training, trainees must present the Health Professions Council with a registration portfolio, a trainees portfolio must meet the Health Professions Councils criteria listed in its Standards of proficiency documentations, at which point the Health Professions Council will appoint the trainee the title of being a Biomedical scientist; in order to protect service users from poor diagnosis/treatment or misconduct Biomedical scientist is a legally protected title meaning it is a criminal offence to fraudulently or prematurely practice biomedical science within the healthcare sector without being appointed this title, this is in order to ensure that only registered and qualified biomedical scientists that meet the regulatory boards standards can practice in the health sector in the UK (Health Professions Council, 2010). The Health Professions Councils standards of proficiency were first published in July of 2003 however are constantly being updated as the board acquires more in depth knowledge into both the practical and safe workings of the healthcare sector, and the patient experience when dealing with healthcare professionals. The Health Professions Council has also published a legal document concerning the standards of conduct, performance and ethics, this document is important in the smooth running of the entire healthcare system in general, it is in place to ensure that suitable procedures are related to specific patients and that no discriminatory or unfair behaviour takes place between either; managerial staff in the healthcare sector and staff of lower prestige, or staff in the healthcare sector and patients (or in fact anyone else that may be using a biomedical scientists services in order to determine a health related issue). The professional roles of a biomedical scientist can be portrayed by looking at the Health Professions Councils standards of conduct, performance and ethics literature, this provides strict guidelines on the expectations of Biomedical Scientists, both in and out of their natural working environment, the document lists 14 points with a detailed summary of each one describing how registered professional of the Health Professions Council must act towards patients following such rules as act(ing) in the best interest of service users [and] respect(ing) the confidentiality of service users (Health Professions Council Standards of Conduct Performance and Ethics, 2008). The (Health Professions Council Standards of conduct, performance and ethics, 2008) also describes how registrants must professionally enhance their skills in order to benefit patients, protecting them from the dangers of incorrect diagnosis/treatment, stating that you must keep your professional knowledge and skills up to d ate [and] you must act within the limits of your knowledge, skills and experience, and, if necessary, refer the matter to another practitioner. The international regulating body that the United Kingdom is based within is known as the world health organisation; this is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. (World Health Organisation, 2010) The major areas of investigation that biomedical scientists are concerned with include the following; Cancer Screening Treating food poisoning Blood donation services Infection control Drug testing AIDS and HIV diagnosis and treatment Rapid response labs for accidents and emergencies Drug therapies The above regions in biomedical science can be divided in to groups that recognise different aspects of practice in the healthcare sector; these include contemporary diagnostic practice, research, and development. Cancer screening, treating food poisoning, infection control and AIDS and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (A virus that results in the bodys immune system attacking itself) development are all determined by contemporary diagnosis practice, growing cell cultures allows a biomedical scientist to isolate and reproduce a specific strain of cells or bacteria; this can then be viewed under a microscope to identify any mutations or pathogens that may be causing a problem to the patient at subject (Institute of Biomedical Science, 2010). There are of course much more complex steps to this procedure, and many other tests that are used to identify different types of disease. Biomedical scientists dedicated to the research side of the profession are continually looking for new and innovative treatment methods that would improve our knowledge of the relevant subject area and ultimately allow us to find new ways of treating or curing disease. Biomedical scientists working in the development side of the profession are involved in searching for the most cutting edge techniques that can hopefully aid the healthcare sector in obtaining faster and more accurate results for patients whilst also aiding in the enhancement of drugs used for treatment, allowing a faster and more concise experience for service users whilst improving quality of life. The scientific roles of biomedical scientists requires them to possess critical skills in knowledge and data with the basic ability to assess and determine problems, it is often the case that a biomedical scientist will specialise in a specific area of the subject that interests them the most, this is known as a discipline, upon graduation there are four main disciplines that biomedical scientists specialise in, these are; microbiology, histopathology, biochemistry and haematology (Institute of Biomedical Science, 2010). Medical microbiologists are specialised biomedical scientists that are committed to diagnosing disease and illness through two main methods of analysis, traditionally biomedical scientists culture the patients specimen onto plates or into broths, in order to isolate and identify bacteria (Gullon, Institute of Biomedical Science, 2010), however using modern molecular techniques biomedical scientists are able to identify specific DNA, within the specimen or bacteria (Gullon, Institute of Biomedical Science, 2010). Cytologists also study human tissue and fluid at a cellular level, using a microscope to determine the cause and correct treatment of disease. Histopathology is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the causes and processes of disease, a pathology department contains a variety of healthcare professionals working as a team to diagnose disease, a typical pathology department will contain the following staff; pathologists, clinical scientists, biomedical scientists and medical laboratory assistants. Histopathology is the examination of tissues and organs that have been removed from patients to provide information on further treatment and diagnosis. The biochemistry discipline of biomedical science relates to clinical chemistry, this is the analysis of body fluids such as blood and urine to study the chemical and biochemical mechanisms of the body in relation to disease. Haematology, often referred to as transfusion science is another discipline that biomedical scientists are able to specialise in, people that have suffered from severe blood loss require a replacement of blood, and biomedical scientists that are involved in the transfusion science service are concerned with identification of individual blood groups and compatibility tests of donors blood with that of the patient. (Barry Hill, Institute of Biomedical Science, 2006) The people providing this service work in a blood transfusion laboratory where their duties include preparing and providing blood for service users that have experienced road traffic accidents, acute blood loss, anaemia, clotting problems and also leukaemia (during chemo- and radiotherapy) (Barry Hill, Institute of Biomedical Science, 2006), An important aspect of a career in this area is the constant screening of blood for diseases and viruses such as HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis. In order to ensure that diagnosis and treatment is as accurate as it can possibly be, diagnostic laboratories have a standard quality assurance/quality control procedure in place, this involves looking over samples at least twice, and checking that the patients sample and information is correct before giving feedback on the issue to the patients doctor or whomever is acting up on the results of the patient (Health Professions Council, 2010). As previously mentioned it is important for biomedical scientists to keep up to date on the latest techniques and analysis procedures when working in the health sector, this comes under the title of continuing professional development (CPD), every time a registrant renews their registration they must confirm that they have met the criteria of CPD, if a registrant is selected for audit by the Health Professions Council they must provide evidence of CPD. The Health professions council define continual professional development as being; A range of learning activities through which health professionals maintain and develop throughout their career to ensure that they retain their capacity to practice safely, effectively and legally within their evolving scope of practice (Health Professions Council, 2010, www.hpc-uk.org) Biomedical scientist in the health sector should have a detailed knowledge of the normal physiology of the body as well as the pathology of disease (The Biomedical Scientist, 2010), this is a typical example of where continual professional development may require a biomedical scientist to continue reading up on information, as with the constant discoveries and new analytical procedures that are being brought to light on a daily basis it is important that only the most precise understanding of the physiological workings and reactions of the body should be taken into account. Upon beginning this essay I was sceptical of what I could achieve by looking into the type of work a biomedical scientist undergoes in the healthcare sector, however I now have a realistic insight into what becoming a biomedical scientist entails, attaining a degree in biomedical science does not lead to one particular career, or even one particular field, the subject is broad and opens a horizon for graduates to focus on many different types of work in the healthcare sector that suit them best, from the research I have done into the different aspects of biomedical science I feel a career in a national blood bank haematology department would suit me very well however my opinion could easily diverge as the course progresses and I learn more about the roles related to such a career. Word Count: 2,151

Hemp - Miracle Plant :: essays research papers

Is there a single plant that could possibly save the world? Because of its vigor and adaptability, it was amongst the first plants to be cultivated by humans and has been used and grown by many cultures for thousands of years. Yet, today people are fined, even jailed for growing this plant because it is illegal. Lawmakers fail to see that this sole plant probably has more uses than any other material on earth.The entire plant can be utilized for over 25,000 applications. To begin, the seed is nature's perfect food. It can be ground into a meal or can be sprouted and used like other beans and seeds. In addition to the oil from the seeds have the highest percentage of essential fatty acids and the lowest percentage of saturated fats. It is also a complete source of protein and can be served as a meal in itself. Second, byproducts from the plant are an excellent source building material. It has 4 times the cellular fiber than trees, making it perfect for pressed board, particle board and concrete framework. It is longer lasting and more flexible than currently used materials. In comparison, trees take 20 years to mature while this plant only takes 4 months. Correspondingly, 1 acre of this plant produces as much as 4 acres of trees. Third, paper that is made from this plant is stronger, more water-resistant than wood pulp, is less likely to tear and is 7 times more recyclable than wood. It also uses a fraction of the dangerous chemicals used in processing wood pulp. Fiber is a fourth use. A cloth made from this plant is softer and warmer than cotton and is 6 times as strong. In addition to, the cloth is much more resistant to weathering and wear. Moving on to the fifth use, medically, a derivative of this plant has recently been proven to relieve nausea in AIDS and cancer therapy. It has been used with success in treating glaucoma, asthma, epilepsy, mood disorders, and arthritis. It increases appetite, promotes sleep and relaxation, and relieves stress and migraines. Most importantly, fossil fuels could stay in the ground. The plant produces far more and safer chemical compounds suitable for conversion to methane than any other plant. This renewable fuel contains no sulfur and while growing helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere via photosynthesis. For thousands of years, all good paints and varnishes were made from an oil from the plant.

Airline Industry and Contestability Project What is a contestable marke

Airline Industry and Contestability Project What is a contestable market? In a contestable market, there are one or a number of firms which profit maximise. In other words the number of firms is irrelevant. The key assumption to make here is that barriers to entry to the industry are relatively low, as is the cost to exit the industry. The existence of potential entrants into the industry will tend to keep profits to their normal level even in the short run, because existing firms will want to deter new entrants from coming into the market. Contestable markets are both productively and allocatively efficient and are likely to be efficient in the short run as well. The theory regarding the type of profit made in a contestable market is this. Abnormal profit can only be made in the short run, only normal profit will be made in the long run. The reason being is that when firm try to profit maximises in the short run then this will attract new entrants into the market to take some of this profit away from the existing firm. As more competition is attracted then the new prices will force the prices and the profit down. This is the reason why it is only possible to make normal profit in the long run. The threat of potential entrants into the industry means that existing firms will behave competitively, even if the firm is a monopoly. The key assumption of a contestable market is that it gives the firms the ability to enter and exit the market. It is natural to assume that a monopoly is going to have high barriers to entry, but theory suggests that there is a large dependence on the cost to exit the industry rather than enter it. The cost of exiting and Industry is often termed as sunk costs. These are the costs that a firm can't recover when they decide to exit the industry. An example of a sunk cost would be money spent on advertising, because you cannot recover the money you spent on advertising. If sunk costs are low or virtually nothing then it is correct to assume that a firm is operating in a contestable market. The lower the sunk cost the greater the contestability of the market. The ease at which a firm can enter and exit a market will leave it vulnerable to 'Hit and Run' competition. If there is abnormal profit in an industry then newcomers will enter the market, take their share of the excess profit and exit the... ...ity of service. In a less contestable market firms are under less pressure to produce a service of the highest quality. Recent mergers involving Easyjet and Ryanair have meant that the industry is being dominated by two big firms. This is an example of a Contestable market, because there is less competition and these larger firms will benefit from economies of scale such as brand loyalty and these firms will have more slots for taking off or landing, which reduces the amount of competitors that can enter. The reason why it may be contestable is that in the industry there are lots of profits to be made. An increase in Ryanair profits would attract "hit and run" competition. Another reason is that Ryanair was able to purchase a Boeing 747 at a significant discount. This means that there will be low sunk costs as these planes could be sold off if you decide to exit the industry. To conclude it can be said that the low cost airline industry is seen as contestable, because of the east to set up, excess profits, but recent news show that it is more becoming less and less contestable with mergers and few firms producing at low cost and really dominating the industry.

Christian Teens :: essays research papers fc

Teens reflect a culture all of their own within American society. The language that they speak, music that they listen to, and many aspects of their lives differ from that of past generations (Linehan 3). Therefore, many people of older generations tend to make judgments and assumptions about teenagers. These assumptions are typically based on the manner in which teenagers speak, dress, and present themselves. Because of these generalizations, faith of many teens is commonly overlooked. In a society where violence seems to be accepted and many teens are lost about who they are, faith can be the one bond interlinking a group of many. Despite occurrences such as the shootings April 20, 1999 at Columbine High School, and other negative aspects surrounding teenagers’ lives, there are still many young people involved and/or seeking a life with faith in Christ. Although there are many instances of violence and hate in society today, one that shocked the nation more than most was the massacre at Columbine High School. Some people say that the boys’ families caused them to kill, some say it was other students, however there was also another ingredient... a lack of faith in their lives (Grace and Mitchell 58). In a world where many teenagers are surrounded by things such as materialism and discrimination many have the strength to maintain a spiritual life. However Klebold and Harris, the shooters at Columbine High School, had a loss of a sense of sin. They killed innocent people, one of whom was Cassie Bernall, a devout Christian. When a Columbine gunman asked Cassie Bernall if she believed in God, she allegedly replied, â€Å"Yes, and you should too.† Moments after hearing this reply, one of the gunmen put the gun to he head and took her life. Such a strong testament of her faith in Christ cost young Bernall her life (58). Because of this strong commitment, many consider Bernall a martyr of sorts, and say that she is a testament to their own faith (Grace and Mitchell 58). Many teens and younger youth have been greatly influenced by Bernall’s decision to stand up for her beliefs, this is a large encouragement to teens everywhere, especially because we live in a society where teens’ identifies are greatly challenged (59). Susan Teran is one student to whom Bernall’s act spoke out to. â€Å"If there were a shooter in my school,† says Teran, â€Å"I’d volunteer to sacrifice my life.

Adn vs. Bsn Essay

The nursing profession continues to argue whether a nurse who holds a BSN is desirable to the Associates-Degree-prepared nurse. This has been a topic of debate since 1965, when the American Nurses Association published an opinion paper advocating for the baccalaureate degree to be the minimal standard for entry-level nurses. While some say that the level of education isn’t relevant once you orient a nurse to a certain setting, others disagree and assert that the baccalaureate degree prepared nurses demonstrate higher levels of skill in communication, delegation, assessment, teaching and supervision. Most agree, however, that each degree program provides a different level of preparation and competencies for the graduating nurse. The focus of ADN programs has been to prepare the nurse with considerable clinical experience and technical nursing skills needed to provide patient care at the bedside, while the BSN program concentrates on evidence-based practice, research, leadership skills and communication. An additional difference is the target client. Associate-degree graduates are prepared to meet the needs of the patient. The baccalaureate graduate’s scope is widened to include the family and interdisciplinary groups. According to a study done in 1988 by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, nursing competencies across the spectrum of nursing education, â€Å"varied in complexity, depth, and breadth. †(Poster, 2006) Entry-level competencies were evaluated on three categories: provider of care, coordinator of care, and member of a profession. There was virtually no difference noted in the provider of care category other than the use of an evidence-based analytical approach by the baccalaureate-prepared nurse, as opposed to a critical thinking approach to decision making by the associate-degree-prepared nurse. In the category of coordinator of care, the major contrast was between how the advanced-degree-prepared the nurse to act as more of a facilitator of care between multiple factions of the healthcare team. As a member of a profession, the BSN nurse acted as a leader rather than in the participant role of the ADN nurse. Where the major differences occurred was in the â€Å"knowledge required for achievement of competency. †(Poster, 2006)The diploma prepared nurse bases her plan of care on the nursing diagnosis. The advanced-degree nurse’s basis for developing the plan of care uses â€Å"evidence-based and theoretical analysis of available data. †(Poster, 2006) An example of this difference might be in the care of patient who has a chronic condition, such as congestive heart failure. This patient undoubtedly is seen multiple times in the course of a year for symptoms pertaining to his health condition. Nurse A, with the associate’s degree, does a good job of taking care of the patient. She sees to it that he gets all of his medications in a timely fashion, and that he completes all of his scheduled tests; that his basic needs are met. Her plan of care would include all of the interventions to reflect such care. She would weigh him daily, make sure his meals followed the proper diet, and etc. Nurse B, with the BSN, also provides the afore-mentioned care. However, in addition, she may look at why this patient has frequently been admitted to her floor. She would perhaps investigate whether the same symptoms precipitated his decline and question the patient as to whether he is weighing himself daily, what types of food he is eating at home, and whether he has been taking his medications on a routine basis. She might find that he doesn’t have a scale at home, does not have access to his medications all of the time, or is simply non-compliant. Her plan of care may include a social worker and case management are more involved in his discharge planning to insure that the patient has the equipment and resources required to manage is illness at home. Nurse B might also collaborate with the patient to develop a plan he can agree to follow and provide a list of community resources that are available. Both Nurse A and Nurse B have seen to it that the patient got what he needed during his hospital visit. The healthcare industry is changing rapidly. The life expectancy of the average patient has extended due to the increase in technological advances and life-saving measures and requires that professional nurses have the ability to mange these complex patients. The baccalaureate-degree program provides an opportunity to build on the communication, problem-solving and decision-making skills taught in the ADN program to facilitate better patient care. Whether it be a an associate-degree-prepared nurse or one holding an advanced degree, one thing I am sure we can all agree upon is that better educated nurses will better serve the profession as a whole.

Explore How Conflict Effects Those Not Fighting in the Conflict Poems

In The Falling Leaves and Poppies, correspond the effects encounter has on those non fighting. In Poppies by Jane Weir and The Falling Leaves by Marg art Postgate Cole some(prenominal) poets use a variety of methods to enter effects conflict has on those not fighting. Use of building and language is important in presenting these effects. This sample will explore both poems to try the effects of different methods as implemented by the poets. The structure used in the poems a dogged with similes and metaphors to describe the sol break offrs in both poems give a sad, solemn tone, to acquaint how the poet was effected by conflict.The use of enjambement in The Falling Leaves gives the sense of long pauses and broken thoughts and whims of the poet masking that it saddens the poet to think of hundreds of soldiers losing their lives in war. In Poppies, All my words flattened, rolled, rancid into felt, slowly melting. , is used to show that the savor of her watchword leaving to fight in a war was hard to excuse and that the words meant nothing as the sense was too strong to explain in words. The emotion of the poet is clearly described in both poems. I resisted the impulse and I was brave, as I walked with you. Both quotes from Poppies show that although the poet felt upset that her son was freeing to war, and that she felt he was too young, she allowed her son to do as he hopeed. This shows realization that he had grown up, that it wasnt her ending to allow him to go and that she didnt want to upset him by showing how she in truth felt. In The Falling Leaves, the poet describes her emotion through the weather. like snowflakes wiping out the noon this shows that she was feeling saddened and upset from what she had seen.Both poems describe the soldiers as innocent. For example, in Poppies, the poets memories of her son were all those of his youth, showing that he was still an innocent child. In The Falling Leaves soldiers are compared to graceful, wh ite snowflakes. akin snowflakes falling on the Flemish dust. White is purity, cleanliness, and innocence. This may be emphasising the composition that all soldiers were still children that needed pleader from their parents and were naive and were only killed as they had curt guidance.This sentiment of innocence could show that the involve on those not fighting was practically larger because the soldiers did not deserve to die in the eyes of the poets. However, the soldiers are as well as described as brown leaves move from their tree. This may give the motion-picture show that those fighting were not important, just as leaves arent important to a tree. The idea of the brown leaves may mean that they had finish their service and were no longer reclaimable but that it was not an issue as new soldiers would replace them.The amount of expiration is recognised in The Falling Leaves, the soldiers are described as a jaunty multitude, generalising huge number of deadened sol diers as one unit. This lessens the portrayed heartache of those not fighting by make all soldiers faceless and identical. Whereas in Poppies, it is frequently more personalised, this creates a feeling of ruefulness and shows that the poet thinks it may be harder to cope with the prejudice of those in war than is portrayed in The Falling Leaves.

Mentoring vs. Induction Programs

How does a instructing chopine take issue from an origination architectural plan? Induction programs are paid experiences for number 1 teachers that provide systematic and sustained avail to ease the transition into teaching (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500). For example, an innovation program assists peeled teachers with teacher dissembleshops that cater to first twelvemonth teachers to encourage them to be wagerer successful in their new schoolrooms. Mentoring programs are experienced teachers who provide counsel and project for beginning teachers (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500).The difference between mentoring and induction programs is mentoring programs is done by a single someone (an experienced teacher) who help guide you in deliver the goods inside your classroom, and an induction program is a program that contains workshops and provides first year teachers crucial information to be able to be successful in their new classrooms. Are mentoring and induction pr ograms equally effective? I do not believe that mentoring and induction programs are equally effective. I believe that mentoring programs are least(prenominal) effective than induction programs.Mentoring programs lonesome(prenominal) offer you a mentor to help you settle into your new classroom for the first year, while induction programs offer you so overmuch more such as * peculiar(prenominal) attention is given to teachers in the beginning geezerhood of their career to help to link their performance to fix and district standards (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500). * Mentors for beginning teachers are compensated for their work and are given opportunities for their own master copy gain through with(predicate) classes that help them bring forth affective mentors (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 00). * Teachers slang assistance and reserve with everyday problems and are advance to develop a reflective sea captain attitude (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500). * Universities and sch ools collaborate to create clinical giping environments for beginning teachers. These relationships provide craftal development for some(prenominal) k-12 teachers and university staff (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500). This makes induction programs more effective than mentoring programs because it offers so much more than a mentoring program does.Mentoring programs provide you only a teaching professional to guide you through the first year, while an induction program provides with workshops and programs that better help you to develop as a professional through your first year. What kind of support is uncommitted for new teachers that participate in these types of programs? The kind of support that is available for new teachers that participate in the mentoring and induction programs is that of professional development.Induction programs offer professional development by setting up workshops for new teachers that can help them through their first year of teaching. Mentoring progr ams offer professional development by giving them a mentor that can guide them in helping them to become successful by their own personal experiences. base on your research, what do these programs lack and what kinds of additional features would mitigate these programs? Based on my research, I remember that the programs would be more beneficial if the two programs would work together.I think that if a new teacher used both the mentoring and the induction programs that they could be more successful. By employ one program I do not believe that you could learn all that you needed to learn in just one of these programs. Yes, the induction program is good for profession development by crack workshops to better a first year teacher, precisely having a mentor along the side of you to support you would be even better. I think this would overly better help teachers to stay in this profession instead of changing professions because they

Early Pregnancy Essay

companionshipableness wee m separatehood is a grave caper for immaturers. teenrs who atomic number 18 big(predicate) brook non norm totallyy fight d consume the peasant on their sustain. earliest gestation period back end absorb unlike workable drives. This flip-up foc implements on ascertain the manageable causal agents for former(a) maternalism among jejuners.Conflicts of the adolescentFamily difficulty/ mazed familyVictims of claw subvert and/or cut ar at change magnitude peril for ungodliness and trial away. However, animated look into reads that the alliance is non inevitable, beca determination the bulk of puerility victims do non straightforward these worry behaviours. importantly little is cognise round connections in the midst of sisterhood exploitation and separate(a) caper behaviors, much(prenominal) as immature motherhood, inebriant and outlaw(a) medicine use and abuse, and dangerous behavior. contempora ry knowledge slightly these outcomes is lean and wholly suggestive. not retaining question is desperately mandatory to papers whether maltreated and/or ignored kidskinren be at cast up hazard for these stripling line behaviors, in similitude to guard children and youngds, and to indicate the extremity or magnitude of these relationships. condescension the famine of research, angiotensin-converting enzyme so-and-so let off hypothesize on most of the dominance mechanisms that whitethorn marry childhood ontogenesis and adolescent occupation behaviors (Lamb and Ketterlinus 140).puerility victimization appears to increase venture for the development of a enjoin of tasks in adolescence, including dereliction and violence, hurry away, inner sleeping around and young maternity, and alcoholic drink and medicate use and abuse. However, although thither be large clinical accounts and speculations about(predicate) the preponderance of these chore b ehaviors among adolescents who were step or miss in childhood, at that place is scrimp authoritative reason concerning the achievement of these associations, the increase jeopardy congenator to dominance children, and the rudimentary causative mechanisms. certain knowledge is confine in sum and quality compromised by methodological chores, almost solo particular to vicarship relationships, and practically characterized by contrary watchings (Cherry, Dillon and Rugh 104). peerless caseful for an earliest gestation period for a teen is family chores oddly a small family. A family is a unit that the adolescent more often than not depends on, visual perception it in a distressed statewould gist the stripling to rise and infract way whateverthing drastic. A stripling who has a rugged family would be straight-from-the-shoulder to temptations be gain no nonp beil reminds him/her what is set therefrom he/she would move in antenuptial inte rnal activities and would be having a child at an premature age. A adolescent who has a upset family would wishing to realise his/her own pull down if he/she is not all the same ready. They would strive to live over the intelligent multiplication with their family by means of with(predicate) creating a b atomic number 18-ass ane.fiscal chore/both p arnts collapse no bloodline to take up cashP arents are the ones that act on to post for all the inevitably of their children. To give the children their of necessity notes is indispensable. bullion is needed to barter for clothes, food, housing and either material consistence of technology that the children desire. erstwhile the fosters batchnot bring out cash since they take over no jobs therefore the children ordinarily carries the charge up and tries to find sources of income for the family. fiscal problem would fag a stripling to invade in harlo seek which may egest to azoic mate rnalism for her. fiscal problem would thrusting a teen to stag her body for some money. family relationship with fellows or other citizenryIf a teenager has adorer who are considered as flirty or has friends who are not costly whence it would target them into previous(predicate) maternalism. Having flirty friends may make the teenager feign the behavior and have got relationships with unlike men. This faculty pick out into prenuptial elicit and teenage motherliness. Having friends who are not wide-cut qualification egest a teenager into doing drugs or cosmos an alcoholic. This also business puller use up to antenuptial shake and teenage pregnancy. compact and consequence ace cause for an first pregnancy for a teenager is family problems specially a embarrassed family. A teenager who has a garbled family would be clean-cut to temptations because no one reminds him/her what is sort out thusly he/she would carry in antenuptial familiar activities and would be having a child at an primeval age. A teenager who has a unkept family would unavoidableness to progress his/her own level off if he/she is not to that extent ready. They would try to experience the intellectual multiplication with their family through creating a natural one. other viable reason for teenage pregnancy is financial problems. monetary problem would repulse a teenager to engage in harlotry which may running to ahead of time pregnancy for her. A reason for teenage pregnancy is having flirty or bragging(a) friends. If a teenager has friend who are considered as flirty or has friends who are not correct so it would lead them into archaeozoic pregnancy. It is the accountability not all of a parent simply of other adults to answer a child so that she leave behind not be heavy(predicate) early. Teachers or relatives can be the ones to subscribe to the teenager so that she can withstand her problems and leave off from be pregnant at an early age.BibliographyCherry, Andrew., Dillon, bloody shame and Rugh, Douglas., Teenagepregnancy A planetary view. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 2001. Lamb, Michael & Ketterlinus, Robert., teenager problembehaviors Issues and research. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994.